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Hicksville, NY
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Home
Graduation Celebration
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Information
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Diocese of Rockville
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Nassau Elementary Schools
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Show All
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Mrs. DeVito
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Mrs. Buckley
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Mrs. Fagan
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Mrs. Tota
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Mrs. Scannell
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Ms. Lyons
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Mrs. Keenan
2nd Grade
Ms. Alessi
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Mrs. Schiraldi
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Ms. Checkers
5th Grade
Mrs. Aceste & Mrs. Tennant
6th Grade
Ms. Murray & Mrs. Puzo
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7th Grade
8th Grade
Specials
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K to 6th Grade
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Social Studies Test
7th Grade
Wednesday
,
October
9
,
2019
Chapter 3- Colonial America (1587-1770)
Lesson 1- Roanoke and Jamestown
The Mystery of Roanoke
Sir Francis Drake- stole Spanish treasure on its way from the Americas to Europe
English efforts to start a colony in North America were unsuccessful
Sir Walter Raleigh sent settlers to Roanoke Island (off the coast of North Carolina) in 1585
Colonists returned to England after a bad winter
Raleigh sent another group, led by John White, in 1587
Virginia Dare- White’s granddaughter and the first English child born in North America
White returned to England to get more supplies and settlers
War with Spain delayed his return for nearly three years
Colony had disappeared when White returned (Croatoan)
Success at Jamestown
King James I wanted a colony in North America
Merchants wanted a charter (a document that granted the right to form a colony) from the king
The Virginia Company
The Virginia Company of London was a joint stock company (a company in which investors buy stock in return for a share of its future profits)
Wanted settlers to find gold and establish trade in fish and furs
Granted a charter for a colony by James I
Sent settlers in December 1606
Arrived in the Chesapeake Bay area in April 1607
Named their colony Jamestown
Jamestown Survives
Settlers did not find gold or riches
Faced disease and hunger
Captain John Smith- forced the settlers to work
Got food from the Powhatan people
Returned to England in late 1609
“Starving time” after he left and the Powhatan people stopped providing food
More colonists arrived to replace people who had died
Made money for investors by growing tobacco
More Settlers Come to Virginia
John Rolfe- married Pocahontas, Chief Powhatan’s daughter
Improved relations with Native Americans
Women sent to Jamestown
Headright- a 50-acre grant of land given to colonial settlers who paid their own way; helped the colony succeed
Land-owning men could vote for burgesses (representatives)
Burgesses made laws for the colony
House of Burgesses- first legislature in North America elected by the people
Jamestown was growing, but not making money
King James took away the company’s charter
Virginia became a royal colony (controlled directly by the government of England)
Lesson 2- New England Colonies
Seeking Religious Freedom
England had been a Protestant country since 1534 (Anglican Church)
Many people dissented (disagreed with) Anglican beliefs or practices
Some English people remained Catholic
Some Protestants wanted to reform the Anglican Church (Puritians)
Separatists wanted to set up their own churches
Separatists were persecuted (mistreated because of their beliefs
Some fled to the Netherlands
Religious freedom, but hard to find work
The Pilgrims Settle Plymouth
Pilgrims- Separatists who decided to move to America in 1620
Grants of land from the Virginia Company- religious freedom in Virginia
The
Mayflower
left for North America in September 1620
Arrived in Plymouth instead of Virginia in November
The Mayflower Compact
Plymouth- outside the territory of the Virginia Company
Mayflower Compact- set up an organized orderly government
Signers promised to obey laws they created
Step toward representative, democratic government
Native American Help
Almost half of the Pilgrims died during the winter
Squanto and Samoset befriended the colonists in the spring
Helped the Pilgrims grow corn, beans, pumpkins
Showed the Pilgrims where to hunt and fish
Helped the Pilgrims make a treaty with the Wampanoag
Thanksgiving feast in the fall of 1621
New Colonies
Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company
Received a charter for a colony north of Plymouth in 1629
John Winthrop led about 900 settlers to Massachusetts Bay in 1630
Settled in Boston
Great Migration- the movement of more than 15,000 Puritans to Massachusetts in the 1630s
Winthrop and his assistants made the laws
Settlers demanded a larger role in government in 1634
Adult male church members allowed to vote (property ownership became a requirement later)
Puritans had little tolerance (the ability to accept or put up with different views or behaviors) for different beliefs
Strictly enforced religious rules
Led to new colonies
Connecticut and Rhode Island
Connecticut River Valley- better for farming than the stony soil around Boston
Thomas Hooker didn’t like Puritan leaders
Founded Hartford in 1636
Other towns formed the Connecticut colony with Hartford in 1639
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- first written constitution in America; democratic principles
Roger Williams believed the government should not force people to worship in a certain way
Forced to leave Massachusetts in 1635
Bought land from the Narraganset and founded Providence
Rhode Island- religious toleration, first place in America where people of all faiths could worship freely
John Wheelwright led dissidents from Massachusetts and founded the town of Exeter in 1638
New Hampshire became an independent colony in 1679
Conflict with Native Americans
Native Americans traded with colonists
Settlers started moving onto Native American lands
Wampanoag leader Metacomet (King Philip) went to war against the New England colonies in 1675
Got help from other Native Americans
War lasted 14 months
Colonists won
Destroyed the power of Native Americans in New England
Colonial settlement expanded
Lesson 3- Middle Colonies
New York and New Jersey
1660- two groups of English colonies
New England colonies in the north
Virginia and Maryland in the south
New Netherland in between
New Amsterdam- main Dutch settlement on Manhattan Island
Good seaport with access to the Hudson River
Center of shipping to and from the Americas
Dutch West India Company offered gave large grants of land to patroons (landowner in the Dutch colonies who ruled over large areas of land)
Patroons ruled like kings
Settlers owed patroons labor and a share of their crops
New Netherland Becomes New York
England sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam in 1664
Peter Stuyvesant- governor who surrendered to the English without a fight
Charles II gave the colony to his brother, the Duke of York
Colony renamed New York
Proprietary colony- proprietor (owner) owned all land and controlled the government
English government allowed citizens to elect their legislature in 1691
Diverse population- Dutch, German, Swedish, and Native American people; first Jews in North America
Population grew quickly
New Amsterdam renamed New York City
Founding New Jersey
Duke of York gave land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret (became New Jersey)
Offered settlers land, religious freedom, trial by jury, and a representative assembly
Diverse population- many different ethnic groups (racial, religious, national backgrounds)
No natural harbors meant it didn’t develop a major port or city
Proprietors didn’t make large profits
Became a royal colony in 1702
Pennsylvania and Delaware
Quakers- Protestant group persecuted in England; founded Pennsylvania
William Penn- received land in payment for a debt the king owed to his father father had loaned the kin
Quakers beliefs:
Everyone was equal
People could follow their own “inner light” instead of the teachings of a religious leader
Pacifists- refused to use force or fight in wars
Penn designed Philadelphia and wrote Pennsylvania’s first constitution
Penn believed settlers should pay Native Americans for land and negotiated treaties with Native Americans over land
English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch, and German settlers came to Pennsylvania
Charter of Privileges- granted colonists the right to elect a legislative assembly in 1701
Philadelphia- America’s most prosperous city and most popular port
Penn allowed southern counties to form their own legislature
Functioned as a separate colony (Delaware)
Remained under the authority of Pennsylvania’s governor
Lesson 4- Southern Colonies
Virginia and Maryland
Virginia- high demand for workers to grow tobacco
First group of African slaves arrived in 1619
England sent criminals and prisoners of war to the colonies
Indentured servants- laborers who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America
Founding Maryland
King Charles gave Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) a proprietary colony north of Virginia (Maryland)
Catholic colony
Calvert’s son gave large estates to English aristocrats
Indentured servants and enslaved Africans worked on the plantations
Pennsylvania and Maryland argued over their border
Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon were hired to settle the dispute (Mason-Dixon Line)
Calverts welcomed Protestants and Catholics
Protestants outnumbered Catholics
Act of Toleration (1649)- Protestants and Catholics could worship freely
Maryland established an official Protestant Church in 1692
Rebellion in Virginia
Settlers moved west onto Native American lands
Governor William Berkeley made a deal with Native Americans
Virginia got a large piece of land
Berkeley would keep settlers from moving farther into their territory
Nathaniel Bacon lived in western Virginia
Opposed the colonial government
Other westerners blamed the government for not clearing the colony of Native Americans
Bacon led attacks on Native American villages in 1676
Bacon’s army burned Jamestown
English troops restored order after Bacon’s death
The Carolinas and Georgia
Charles II created a proprietary colony south of Virginia in 1663 (Carolina)
Given to eight nobles
Proprietors sold or rented land to English settlers
English philosopher John Locke wrote the constitution (plan of government) for Carolina
Wrote about land division and social rank
Two Carolinas
Northern Carolina was settled mostly by farmers from Virginia
Grew tobacco and sold timber and tar
Used Virginia’s ports
Southern Carolina used fertile farmland and the harbor at Charles Town
Rice became the leading crop
Demand for slave labor rose
Eliza Lucas developed the indigo crop in the 1740s
Used to dye cloth
Settlers in southern Carolina seized control from its proprietors in 1719
Carolina split into two royal colonies (North Carolina and South Carolina) in 1729
Georgia
Founded in 1733
James Oglethorpe received a charter for a colony for debtors (people that owe money) and poor people
Colony’s location would protect other British colonies from Spanish attack
Built forts and the town of Savannah
Few debtors settled in Georgia
Religious refugees and some Jews
Limits on landholding and bans on slave labor and rum
Settlers complained and Oglethorpe agreed to their demands
Became a royal colony in 1751