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Hicksville, NY
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Home
Graduation Celebration
About Us
Welcome
Mission Statement
Principal's Message
Registration
Contact Us
Programs
Afterschool Activities
Early Childhood
Extended Care
Sports
Resources
Nurse/Health Office
Photo Albums
Policies
Tomorrow's Hope Foundation
Parents
Parent Association
Information
Forms & Links
Volunteer Information
School Spirit
Resources
PowerSchool Parent Portal
Cafeteria
Forms/Documents
Wednesday Folder
Summer Reading Lists
Supply Lists
Directory
Who We Are
Administration
Faculty & Staff
Holy Family Parish
Diocese of Rockville
Education Department
Nassau Elementary Schools
Suffolk County Elementary Schools
Diocesan High Schools
Show All
Class Pages
Early Childhood
Nursery
Mrs. DeVito
Pre-K
Mrs. Buckley
Pre-K
Mrs. Fagan
Pre-K
Mrs. Tota
Kindergarten
Mrs. Scannell
Elementary
1st Grade
Ms. Lyons
2nd Grade
Mrs. Keenan
2nd Grade
Ms. Alessi
3rd Grade
Mrs. Schiraldi
4th Grade
Ms. Checkers
5th Grade
Mrs. Aceste & Mrs. Tennant
6th Grade
Ms. Murray & Mrs. Puzo
Middle School
7th Grade
8th Grade
Specials
Art
K to 6th Grade
Art 7th & 8th & Spanish
Computer Technology
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Mrs. Calle
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Social Studies Test
7th Grade
Tuesday
,
November
5
,
2019
Chapter 5-The Spirit of Independence (1763-1776)
Lesson 1- No Taxation Without Representation
Dealing With Great Britain
Proclamation of 1763- prohibited colonists from living west of the Appalachian Mountains
Helped keep peace between Native Americans and settlers
Kept settlers close to the Atlantic coast
Allowed British to control westward expansion the fur trade
10,000 British troops kept in America
French and Indian War left Britain in debt
Made plans to tax the colonies
Enforcing Trade Laws
Great Britain needed revenue (income) to pay troops
Large debts from the French and Indian War
British government issued new taxes on the colonies
Enforced old taxes more strictly
Colonists smuggled to avoid taxes
Prime Minister George Grenville wanted to stop smuggling
Law to have accused smugglers tried by royally appointed judges instead of local juries
Writs of assistance- allowed customs officers to search anywhere for smuggled goods
The Sugar Act
Passed in 1764
Lowered the tax on molasses
Grenville hoped it would convince colonists to stop smuggling
Let officers seize goods from smugglers without going to court
Angered colonists
Believed their rights were being violated as British citizens
James Otis- argued that the colonies couldn’t be taxed without their consent
New Taxes on the Colonies
Stamp Act passed in 1765
Taxed most printed materials (newspapers, wills, playing cards)
Stamp placed on printed material by British officials
Opposition to the Stamp Act
Patrick Henry got the Virginia House of Burgesses to take action against the Stamp Act
Passed a resolution (an official expression of opinion by a group) that only it could tax Virginia’s citizens
Samuel Adams helped start the Sons of Liberty
Protested the Stamp Act
Effigies (mocking figures representing unpopular individuals) of tax collectors burned
Stamp Act Congress met in New York
Delegates from nine colonies
Sent a statement to the king saying that only colonial assemblies could tax the colonists
Boycotts (refusals to buy) of British goods
British businesses lost money
Demanded that Parliament repeal the Stamp Act
Stamp Act repealed in 1766
Declaratory Act- Parliament said that it had the right to tax and make decisions for the colonies
The Townshend Acts
Taxed imported goods (glass, tea, paper)
Led to another boycott of British Goods
Women urged colonists to wear homemade fabrics (instead of British fabrics)
Formed the Daughters of Liberty
Lesson 2- Uniting the Colonists
Trouble in Massachusetts
British officials told Britain that the colonies were on the brink of rebellion (open defiance of authority)
Parliament sent troops to Boston
Colonists were upset that Britain had sent an army to occupy (take control of) Boston
Some redcoats (British soldiers) stole from local shops, got into fights with colonists, and competed for jobs with colonists
Tension in the Streets
Fight between colonists and redcoats on March 5, 1770
Colonists threw sticks and stones at soldiers
Soldiers fired at the colonists
Five colonists killed, including Crispus Attucks (the Boston Massacre)
Spreading the News
Boston Massacre used as propaganda (information designed to influence opinion) against the British
Samuel Adams put up posters
Paul Revere’s engraving
Stronger boycotts on British goods
Townshend Acts repealed except the tax on tea
Trade with Britain resumed
Samuel Adams revived the Boston committee of correspondence (an organization that spread political ideas and information through the colonies)
Circulated calls for action against Britain
Other committees of correspondence created
Crisis in Boston
Tea Act passed to save the British East India Company
Removed some of the taxes on tea
Colonists were still angry
Call for a new boycott
Colonists vowed to stop the East India Company’s ships from unloading
A Tea Party
Colonists in New York and Philadelphia forced tea ships to turn back
Three tea ships arrived in Boston Harbor in 1773
Boston Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Native Americans and boarded the ships
Threw 342 chests of tea overboard (Boston Tea Party)
Celebrated by colonists
Colonists still saw themselves as loyal British citizens
The Intolerable Acts
George III realized that Britain was losing control of the colonies
Parliament passed the Coercive Acts passed in 1774
Meant to punish the colonists
Forced colonies to let British soldiers live among the colonists
Town meetings banned in Massachusetts
Closed Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for
Stopped shipment of food and other supplies to Massachusetts
Other colonies sent food and clothing to Boston
Quebec Act also angered colonists
Created a government for Canada and extended its territory south to the Ohio River
Ignored colonies’ claims to the region
Colonists believed these laws violated their rights as English citizens
Called the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act the Intolerable Acts
Lesson 3- A Call to Arms
A Meeting in Philadelphia
September 1774- 55 delegates from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia (the Continental Congress)
Created to represent Americans and challenge British control
Massachusetts- Samuel Adams and John Adams
New York- John Jay
Virginia- George Washington, Richard Henry Lee, and Patrick Henry
The Delegates Vote
Statement of grievances called for the repeal of 13 acts of Parliament
Boycott of British trade
Endorsed the Suffolk Resolves
Declared the Coercive Acts illegal
Called for people in Suffolk County, Massachusetts to arm themselves
Colonies organized militias
The Colonial Militias
Militia members trained and had drills
Practiced using muskets and cannons
Towns began to gather and store military supplies
Fighting Begins
Militias in Massachusetts held drills, made bullets, and stockpiled weapons
Minutemen said they would be ready to fight on a minute’s notice
Great Britain Sends Troops
King George told Parliament that the New England Colonies were “in a state of rebellion”
General Thomas Gage had orders to seize weapons from the Massachusetts militia and arrest the leaders
The British on the Move
British began marching out of Boston on April 18, 1775
Paul Revere and William Dawes rode to spread the word that the British were coming
Captured by the British
Samuel Prescott carried the warning to Concord
Lexington and Concord
Captain John Parker led about 70 minutemen when fighting began in Lexington
Outnumbered by the British
Eight minutemen killed
British continued to march to Concord
British took heave losses in a short battle
Militia fought the British on their way back to Boston
Killed 73 redcoats
“Shot heard ‘round the world”- beginning of the American Revolution
More Military Action
Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen’s Green Mountain Boys surprised the British at Fort Ticonderoga in May 1775
British surrendered
Arnold later turned on the Americans
The Battle of Bunker Hill
More volunteers joined colonial militias
June 1775- British controlled Boston
Colonel William Prescott’s militia set up posts on Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill
Across the harbor from Boston
British attacked and won
Heavy British losses- more than 1,000 dead and wounded
Choosing Sides
Loyalists’ (American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence) reasons:
Taxes not a reason for rebellion
Officeholders had a responsibility to uphold British rule
Hadn’t suffered from British policies
Expected the British to win
Patriots (American colonists who favored independence) believed colonists should have the right to govern themselves
Determined to fight until America was independent
American Revolution- war between America and Britain and a civil war between Patriots and Loyalists
Lesson 4- Declaring Independence
The Second Continental Congress
Continental Congress had agreed to meet again if the British didn’t address their complaints
Dispute between the British and the colonies had worsened
Distinguished Leaders
Second Continental Congress began in May 1775
John Adams, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, and George Washington returned
New delegates:
Benjamin Franklin- leader in the Pennsylvania legislature, had represented the colonies in London
John Hancock- wealthy merchant from Massachusetts, chosen as president
Thomas Jefferson- served in the Virginia legislature, brilliant thinker and writer
Delegates were not ready to break away from Britain
Key Actions
Began to govern the colonies
Authorized the printing of money
Set up a post office with Franklin in charge
Formed committees to handle relations with Native Americans and foreign countries
Continental Army created
George Washington chosen to be the army’s commander
Olive Branch Petition sent to George III
Assured the king that the colonists wanted peace
Asked the king to protect colonists’ rights
George III rejected the petition
Hired 30,000 German troops (Hessians)
The War Heats Up
British troops in Canada planned to invade New York
Americans attacked first and captured Montreal
Attack on Quebec failed
Washington reached Boston in July 1775
Began training his soldiers
Had cannons brought from Fort Ticonderoga
Surprised the British and surrounded Boston in March 1776
British left Boston without a fight and went to Halifax, Nova Scotia
Moving Toward Independence
Thomas Paine published
Common Sense
in January 1776
Called for complete break from British rule and influenced opinions throughout the colonies
Declaring Independence
Richard Henry Lee proposed a resolution for independence in June 1776
Debated by Congress
Writing the Declaration
Committee chosen to write the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston
Written by Jefferson
Influence of John Locke
People are born with natural rights (life, liberty, property)
Governments protect people’s rights
Governments can be overthrown if they don’t protect rights
Lee Resolution passed 12-0-1 on July 2, 1776
New York abstained
Declaration of Independence approved on July 4, 1776
John Hancock was the first to sign
56 delegates signed in total
Copies distributed throughout the colonies
Washington had it read to his troops on July 9
The Declaration of Independence
Four sections:
Preamble (introduction) says that people who want to form a new country should explain their reasons
Next two sections list rights colonists should have and their complaints against Britain
Last section proclaims the existence of the new nation
Stated universal principles and a description of English rights
Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness
Government exists to protect rights
Crimes of the king
Cut off trade
Imposed taxes without consent
Petitions for redress ignored or rejected
Signers pledged to each other their lives, fortunes, and sacred honor